Japan's Intelligence Reform Inches Forward

 Japan's current intelligence apparatus is fragmented among five organizations. The Cabinet Information and Research Office focuses on open source and geospatial intelligence. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs collects diplomatic intelligence. The Defense Intelligence Headquarters gathers signals intelligence, including electronic and telecommunications systems. Under the Ministry of Justice, the Public Security Intelligence Agency mainly conducts internal investigations and monitors subversive domestic groups. The most powerful of these is the National Police Agency, which is responsible for domestic law enforcement, counterterrorism and combating transnational crime. This agency also has personnel positioned in the four other institutions as high-level intelligence directors.

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